The cost of the test includes two men.

Additional men are charged at the additional person rate.

What does the test show?

The test will show whether or not two (or more) men come from the same paternal line.

What does the test NOT show?

It will not give a conclusion on the nature of that Paternal relationship.

When should the test not be used?

• If women are involved in the test. Women do not possess Y chromosomes!
• If there is the possibility of another paternal link e.g. if the man being tested could either be a grandparent or second uncle to the child in question. This would occur if the potential fathers in a case were cousins.

Case 1 – Two men who believe they may be half or full brothers.

A positive result will demonstrate that the two men have a common paternal line, but it will not conclude that this is their biological father or that they are full or half brothers. It will be for the Client to decide what the result means to them in the circumstances surrounding the test.

However, if two men believe their only possible biological link to be their father, then this gives an excellent indication/level of evidence, that they have been fathered by the same person.

A negative result would demonstrate that they do not have a common paternal line and therefore cannot have the same biological father.

Case 2 – Grandparent analysis, where a male child wants to test his PATERNAL grandfather. A positive result will demonstrate that the two men have a common paternal line, but it will not conclude that they are grandfather and grandchild. It will be for the Client to decide what the result means to them in the circumstances surrounding the test.

However, if two men believe their only possible biological link to be grandfather and grandchild, then this gives an excellent indication/level of evidence, that they are related in this way and that the grandfather’s son is the biological father of the grandson.

A negative result would demonstrate that they do not have a common paternal line and therefore cannot be paternally related.

This test is for comparing male descendants of a common male ancestor.

Y Chromosome Analysis to used to measure the likelihood of paternally-linked relationships through different generations with a great degree of accuracy.

When all participants in a test are Male, this test may provide more information that the Sibling or Grand-parentage analysis – especially if there is a low participant number.